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Louis X (4 October 1289 – 5 June 1316), called the Quarreler, the Headstrong, or the Stubborn ((フランス語:le Hutin)), was a monarch of the House of Capet who ruled as King of Navarre (as Louis I) and Count of Champagne from 1305 and as King of France from 1314 until his death. Louis was the eldest son of Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre. His short reign as king of France was marked by the hostility of the nobility against fiscal and centralization reforms initiated by Enguerrand de Marigny, the Grand Chamberlain of France, under the reign of his father. Louis' uncle—Charles of Valois, leader of the feudalist party—managed to convince the king to execute Enguerrand de Marigny. Louis allowed serfs to buy their freedom (which was the first step towards the abolition of serfdom), abolished slavery, and readmitted French Jews into the kingdom. In 1305, Louis had married Margaret of Burgundy, with whom he had Joan II of Navarre. Margaret was later convicted of adultery and strangled in prison. In 1315, Louis married Clementia of Hungary, who gave birth to John I of France a few months after the king's death. John's untimely death led to a disputed succession. ==Personality, marriage and coronation== Louis was born in Paris, the eldest son of Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre.〔Baynes, p.18.〕 He inherited the kingdom of Navarre on the death of his mother, on 4 April 1305, later being crowned 6 June 1313.〔''The Low Countries and the Disputed Imperial Election of 1314'', Henry S. Lucas, ''Speculum'',Vol. 21, No. 1 (Jan., 1946), 79. 〕 On 21 September 1305, at age 16, he married Margaret of Burgundy and they had a daughter, Joan. Louis was known as "the Quarreler" as the result of the tensions prevailing throughout his reigns.〔Konta, p.521.〕 Both Louis and Margaret became involved in the ''Tour de Nesle affair'' towards the end of Philip's reign. In 1314, Margaret, Blanche and Joan—the latter two being the wives of Louis' brothers Charles and Philip, respectively—were arrested on charges of infidelity.〔Jim Bradbury, ''The Capetians: Kings of France 987-1328'', (Hambledon Continuum, 2007), 277.〕 Margaret and Blanche were both tried before the French parliament later that year and found guilty. Their alleged lovers were executed, and the women had their hair shorn and were sentenced to life imprisonment.〔 Philip stood by his wife Joan, who was ultimately found innocent and released. Margaret would be imprisoned at Chateau Gaillard, treated poorly, caught a cold, and died.〔 On the death of his father in 1314, Louis became King of France. Louis remarried five days later, on 19 August to Clementia of Hungary, the daughter of Charles Martel of Anjou and the niece of Louis' own uncle and close advisor, Charles of Valois. Louis and Clementia were crowned at Reims on 24 August 1315. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Louis X of France」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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